Internal parts rattle when I shake the lens. Is it broken?

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The internal elements and mechanisms of many lenses are in a free state and can move if the lens isn't attached to the camera or attached but the camera is off. Therefore, when you slightly shake the lens such as when removing from the camera or while in transport, the lens mechanism may move and produce sound. This is normal behavior that doesn't affect the lens performance and operation.  To check your lens, attach it to the camera and power the camera on, and the lens noise will stop.

E-mount lens with a linear motor.

E-mount lens with a dynamic linear motor.